Forest History Today-F01
نویسنده
چکیده
Columbia River, in the Wind River valley. Studying forests is slow business. A tree can easily outlive a human, and the forests of the Pacific Northwest had outlived civilizations. The young researchers faced trees that were larger and older than any they had studied back east, in forests that were more ancient than anything described in their European texts. Yet the same scourges that had ravished forests across the American continent were making their mark in this last forested frontier. An industry of cut-and-run logging and an increasing number of massive fires left bare scars across the shoulders of the Cascades. The forest laboratory would eventually be known as the Wind River Experimental Forest. It would be the site of ground-breaking research as Douglas fir became the preeminent commercial tree species, and the Pacific Northwest became ground zero for changes in forest policy. But in 1908, the foresters’ attention was on how trees grow and how to reforest the burn-scarred land. YACOLT BURN Here, in a land so famously wet, it is not easy to understand the role of fire. Along the length of the Cascade Range, mountains block the flow of moist air blowing in from the ocean, and the wet western valleys and slopes grow some of the largest trees in the world. But the Columbia River has carved a narrow slot in the mountains, where the wind funnels with particular strength. And sometimes, when air pressure differences are especially strong east to west, the wind reverses to pull hot, dry air from the arid eastern plateau toward the coast and into the forests. The power of these desiccating winds can fan a small fire into a holocaust. At the turn of century, small fires were common throughout the summer and fall. During the brief dry season, fires were started by Native Americans clearing meadows, or by lightning strikes, or by settlers trying to grub out a farm from the towering forest. On September 11, 1902, sudden east winds fanned a series of
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